The continuing scientific and technological attention to reduce vehicle weight and emissions resulted in a diffuse use of Al alloys as a substituting metal with respect to steel, in many applications that were formerly dominated by steel. This was defined by authors as RT-type configuration and it is characterized by a welding motion of the pin tool obtained by the combination of two different movements occurring simultaneously. A second new FSW configuration consists of a pin rotation around its centerline welding direction by 0.5 and 1.0 mm. In this chapter, the effect of the welding parameters, tool configuration and sheet positioning on the yield, ultimate strength, and ductility of an aluminum plate, its microstructure and its post-welding formability are discussed. In the DS-FSW, the welding is performed on both sheet surfaces, that is, the first welding is followed by a second one performed on the opposite sheet surface. A first new FSW configuration was defined as double-side friction stir welding (DS-FSW). In this contribution, two innovative welding methodologies are presented and discussed. This is also a reason for a continuous research activity to optimize the effect of the different welding parameters and tool-metal setups. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a technique able to guarantee welding advantages such as the easy control of tool design, rotation speed, and translation speed.
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June 2023
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